‘Capital’ means ‘Principal.’ What does ‘Principal’ mean in business? The ultimate goal of any business is to create wealth. Wealth serves as the foundation for creating value, and that value must be generated solely through production. To produce, the cost must be invested first; the source of that cost is referred to as ‘Principal.’ In other words, the result of a transaction through trading is ‘revenues,’ and if costs and expenses are subtracted from sales, what remains is ‘profit.’ If costs and expenses exceed revenues, it results in a losing trade; if they are lower, it results in a profitable trade. Therefore, principal serves as the benchmark for profitability; in other words, it is referred to as capital. Whether a business is good or bad is determined by its profitability. If the principal is insufficient, borrowing capital becomes necessary, which is termed “debt.” Just as the number of principals capable of producing tankers differs from those that can create bicycles, the si...
Vaccines have allowed people to travel worldwide. Migration and population density are benefits of vaccines. When vaccines failed to curb the epidemic, the “space” ultimately addressed the epidemic. This history is why maintaining “social distance” is essential. Hunting requires one million square meters to secure a person’s livelihood, but urbanization restricts many individuals from accessing such vast spaces. On the other hand, if agriculture can address livelihood needs with just 500 square meters, and its efficiency can increase by 2,000 times, then the perspective on the epidemic reveals insights about civilization. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”