‘Capital’ means ‘Principal.’ What does ‘Principal’ mean in business? The ultimate goal of any business is to create wealth. Wealth serves as the foundation for creating value, and that value must be generated solely through production. To produce, the cost must be invested first; the source of that cost is referred to as ‘Principal.’ In other words, the result of a transaction through trading is ‘revenues,’ and if costs and expenses are subtracted from sales, what remains is ‘profit.’ If costs and expenses exceed revenues, it results in a losing trade; if they are lower, it results in a profitable trade. Therefore, principal serves as the benchmark for profitability; in other words, it is referred to as capital. Whether a business is good or bad is determined by its profitability. If the principal is insufficient, borrowing capital becomes necessary, which is termed “debt.” Just as the number of principals capable of producing tankers differs from those that can create bicycles, the si...
In addition to the humanities, the natural sciences are very helpful in business and management. While the humanities provide human-centered insights, the natural sciences offer as neutral a view of the world as possible. Without the perspective of the world, we can't know the world. Biology gives us an understanding of how organizations and ecosystems work. Physics provides us with a comprehension of the nature of space, the nature of time, and the dynamics of relationships. Knowledge expands the world as we know it. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”