Chain Reactions and Links: A phenomenon where one event continuously influences subsequent events, connected by a common link. For example, when the central bank raises the base rate, interest rates at private banks increase, which raises the cost of loans for citizens and leads to higher prices. Interest from central banks, interest from private banks, interest on loans from citizens, and increased production costs are all interconnected, so a change in one part affects the entire system. This is a chain reaction. A decline in one area can cause missed revenue opportunities because everything is connected. The link creates this connection. In the example above, the link is the act of borrowing money, which is essentially a loan. To stop the chain reaction, you must identify and break the link in the chain. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
Value in Kind (VIK). Refers to the spot value . We pay money to buy the goods we need, which represents an exchange of goods for currency. However, since money is also a kind of good, it has a relative value that constantly changes. That’s the price. When the price of goods rises, it indicates that the value of money in relation to goods declines. This phenomenon is called INFLATION . If other goods exchanged for goods experience a greater value increase than currency, the seller finds it more advantageous to transact using those other goods rather than currency. We prefer to exchange currency in transactions because it is a government-guaranteed compulsory means of exchange . The right to exchange anything constitutes compulsory circulation power . However, this is the only value of money. If the price of gold is rising significantly, and you can exchange gold for goods, it becomes a better option for producers of goods to trade in gold instead of money. Originally, the pre-currency...