The value must exist when both universality and scarcity coexist. Universality is a property that anyone can recognize, whereas scarcity refers to limited possession. In other words, recognition should be universal so everyone can understand it, but the rights to possess or use the object should be restricted. The universality of perception has been influenced by viral promotion, such as word of mouth and media messages, and now digital networking is taking over. Limiting physical possession and use causes scarcity. Before the digital age, this was protected by spatial limitations; however, with the widespread adoption of digital networking, encryption technology now enforces these limits. The restriction of possession and use means that a master sets the physical boundaries of the scarce object. All businesses must satisfy these two contradictions simultaneously to achieve economic benefits. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
Certificates are often more valuable in proving "there is none" than in proving "there is one." For example, a birth certificate is more beneficial in proving the only person in the world by proving an unborn existence like him or her than in proving the person's existence. That is, proof of absence is more valuable than proof of existence. We don't know where value comes from. What is the real element of our existence and our occupation? - Joseph's "just my thoughts"