Effects of Ownership. It refers to valuing what one owns from one’s own perspective. The competition to buy tickets for the Duke University basketball game was very fierce, so the university decided to distribute tickets through a lottery. Some students applied for the same ticket, and among them, the winning students and dropout students were asked about their valuations: the winners were asked how much they would sell the ticket for, while the dropout students were asked how much they would buy it for. The lowest selling price from the winners was $2,410, whereas the highest buying price from the dropout students was $170. The difference was substantial. When asked why they thought so, ticket holders considered the value of giving up the ticket, while ticket buyers considered the value of exchanging cash for it. In other words, possession represented the benefit of sacrificing something else. Value judgments depend on what we own. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
Certificates are often more valuable in proving "there is none" than in proving "there is one." For example, a birth certificate is more beneficial in proving the only person in the world by proving an unborn existence like him or her than in proving the person's existence. That is, proof of absence is more valuable than proof of existence. We don't know where value comes from. What is the real element of our existence and our occupation? - Joseph's "just my thoughts"