We usually measure ‘value’ in terms of ‘price.’ Value is an abstract concept, and price is a number expressed in terms of value. Value is an economic concept, and price is an accounting concept. The problem is that the price in terms of value is not always the same as the price. Of course, the same value differs depending on the situation and also varies according to the values and beliefs of the person who recognizes it. This deviation is detrimental to some and beneficial to others. Facts are unscientific phenomena that circumstances create. Therefore, insight into the situation is a valuable ability in any case in this world. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
In business, capital means business funds. A successful entrepreneur often says, "I started my business without any capital". It's partly true, but it's a lie. The entrepreneur just said that capital means only cash. However, all kinds of businesses need to be fundamentally business funds in any even not cash. The entrepreneur didn't count the founder's labor cost. No inputs, no outcomes. The uncounted labor costs are called "alternative costs" or "opportunity costs". This comes from comparative advantage. If the entrepreneur doesn't accept the uncounted labor cost as a debt, the entrepreneur is equivalent to losing the profit due to opportunity costs. Please always remember this. There is no free lunch in this world. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”