Cryptocurrency is traded through a system called blockchain, which involves a ‘sender’ and ‘receiver’ of the transaction record, along with a ‘miner’ who verifies the transaction’s integrity. Essentially, it is a multi-party system that depends on computer hardware known as a server. Running a computer to calculate and validate transactions consumes electricity, and to participate in the blockchain network, the cryptocurrency issuer must pay a fee. This fee effectively reflects electricity costs. Since the blockchain system relies on electricity, the core of cryptocurrency ultimately comes down to energy. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
In business, capital means business funds. A successful entrepreneur often says, "I started my business without any capital". It's partly true, but it's a lie. The entrepreneur just said that capital means only cash. However, all kinds of businesses need to be fundamentally business funds in any even not cash. The entrepreneur didn't count the founder's labor cost. No inputs, no outcomes. The uncounted labor costs are called "alternative costs" or "opportunity costs". This comes from comparative advantage. If the entrepreneur doesn't accept the uncounted labor cost as a debt, the entrepreneur is equivalent to losing the profit due to opportunity costs. Please always remember this. There is no free lunch in this world. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”