Wagons are believed to have been first created in western Asia around 3500 BC. Initially, because the wheels were disc-shaped, they were pulled by cattle due to their heaviness. However, after the invention of spoke wheels, horses could pull the wagons because they were lighter. Naturally, there was a big difference between the speed of a wagon pulled by cattle and one pulled by a horse. This led to a decrease in travel time. A minor adjustment to the spoke design sparked a significant change in human civilization. Nearly all innovations start small, but even the tiniest change can have enormous consequences. Many unseen factors contribute to this innovation in our lives. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
In business, capital means business funds. A successful entrepreneur often says, "I started my business without any capital". It's partly true, but it's a lie. The entrepreneur just said that capital means only cash. However, all kinds of businesses need to be fundamentally business funds in any even not cash. The entrepreneur didn't count the founder's labor cost. No inputs, no outcomes. The uncounted labor costs are called "alternative costs" or "opportunity costs". This comes from comparative advantage. If the entrepreneur doesn't accept the uncounted labor cost as a debt, the entrepreneur is equivalent to losing the profit due to opportunity costs. Please always remember this. There is no free lunch in this world. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”