In the West, human thinking has primarily developed through formal logic. In formal logic, truth and falsehood cannot coexist. However, in Eastern thinking, it is seen as possible. Some Western dialectical ideas were already recognized in the East. Three main dialectical concepts are: first, reality is constantly changing, so what is true now can become false later (the principle of fluctuation). Second, due to this ongoing change, contradictions always emerge, and these contradictions drive further change (the principle of contradiction). Third, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, and each part relates to the whole (the principle of relationality or holism). This is reflected in yin and yang in Eastern philosophy and Taoism. Eastern thinking regards contradictions, confrontations, and change as natural phenomena. This mindset difference also influences management and investment. If the economy improves, Westerners tend to believe it will keep improving, while Asians often ...
In business, capital means business funds. A successful entrepreneur often says, "I started my business without any capital". It's partly true, but it's a lie. The entrepreneur just said that capital means only cash. However, all kinds of businesses need to be fundamentally business funds in any even not cash. The entrepreneur didn't count the founder's labor cost. No inputs, no outcomes. The uncounted labor costs are called "alternative costs" or "opportunity costs". This comes from comparative advantage. If the entrepreneur doesn't accept the uncounted labor cost as a debt, the entrepreneur is equivalent to losing the profit due to opportunity costs. Please always remember this. There is no free lunch in this world. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”