Chain Reactions and Links: A phenomenon where one event continuously influences subsequent events, connected by a common link. For example, when the central bank raises the base rate, interest rates at private banks increase, which raises the cost of loans for citizens and leads to higher prices. Interest from central banks, interest from private banks, interest on loans from citizens, and increased production costs are all interconnected, so a change in one part affects the entire system. This is a chain reaction. A decline in one area can cause missed revenue opportunities because everything is connected. The link creates this connection. In the example above, the link is the act of borrowing money, which is essentially a loan. To stop the chain reaction, you must identify and break the link in the chain. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
In business, capital means business funds. A successful entrepreneur often says, "I started my business without any capital". It's partly true, but it's a lie. The entrepreneur just said that capital means only cash. However, all kinds of businesses need to be fundamentally business funds in any even not cash. The entrepreneur didn't count the founder's labor cost. No inputs, no outcomes. The uncounted labor costs are called "alternative costs" or "opportunity costs". This comes from comparative advantage. If the entrepreneur doesn't accept the uncounted labor cost as a debt, the entrepreneur is equivalent to losing the profit due to opportunity costs. Please always remember this. There is no free lunch in this world. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”